living on borrowed time in a mythical world (opportunity costs of not measuring) three `waves' of Internet applications/usage first wave: shared (remote) use of computers telnet, email, ftp second wave: client/server model, formatted languages web third wave: collaborative, peer-to-peer, interactive napster, imesh, kazaa, gaming, video emergence of third wave (`ngi') will require more real-time interaction with and reaction to network status growth of these applications will be self-limiting (by user frustration with performance) unless we have either: a better grip on measurement either done by the applications themselves (e.g., vat) or via some other middleware aspect of the infrastructure or no service-affecting queueing anywhere in the network seems unlikely, even with lots of empty pipes